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| Year : 2012
| Volume
: 15 | Issue : 2 | Page
: 164-165 |
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| Thoracic epidural anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery for mitral regurgitation feasibility study |
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Fabrizio Monaco, Camilla Biselli, Monica De Luca, Giovanni Landoni, Rosalba Lembo, Alberto Zangrillo
Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
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| Date of Web Publication | 16-Apr-2012 |
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How to cite this article:
Monaco F, Biselli C, De Luca M, Landoni G, Lembo R, Zangrillo A. Thoracic epidural anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery for mitral regurgitation feasibility study. Ann Card Anaesth 2012;15:164-5 |
How to cite this URL:
Monaco F, Biselli C, De Luca M, Landoni G, Lembo R, Zangrillo A. Thoracic epidural anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery for mitral regurgitation feasibility study. Ann Card Anaesth [serial online] 2012 [cited 2021 Jul 29];15:164-5. Available from: https://www.annals.in/text.asp?2012/15/2/164/95085 |
The Editor,
In contrast to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), surgical correction of mitral valve regurgitation (MR) poses the following additional problems: [A] difficult hemodynamic stability achievement (especially after general anesthesia and epidural anesthesia induction); [B] higher risk to develop sudden perioperative dismal left ventricular function; [C] greater risk of bleeding; [D] need for postoperative anticoagulation; and [E] extensive myocardial manipulation and cardiac troponin release especially in the case of mitral valve (MV) replacement compared to MV repair. [1] As demonstrated by Stenseth et al., thoracic epidural (TEA) may improve the left ventricular load condition decreasing the systemic resistance by the sympathetic blockade. [2] In the present study, we tested the feasibility of high TEA in 30 elderly patients undergoing mitral valve surgery for primary MR. Inclusion criteria were elective median sternotomy for MR correction with or without CABG, tricuspidal surgery, Maze procedure, age >65 years, and normal coagulation profile. In the recovery room, an 18-G epidural catheter was inserted between T2-T5 under sterile conditions by loss of resistance to air. Induction of thoracic epidural anesthesia was achieved in the operating room after general anesthesia induction with a bolus of 0.1-0.2 ml/kg of lidocaine 2%. Regional anesthesia was maintained by a continuous epidural infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine and 1 mcg/ml sufentanyl at an infusion rate between 2 and 6 ml postoperatively. GA was induced with fentanyl (10-20 mcg/kg), propofol (2 mg/kg) and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol 50-100 mcg/kg/min, desflurane and fentanyl as required. Standard cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) technique was used. Intraoperative and postoperative data are presented in [Table 1]. The epidural catheter was removed on the third postoperative day. Postoperatively, nine patients (30%) needed inotropic drugs or vasoconstrictors for weaning from CPB. In particular, one experienced left ventricular failure after CPB weaning, two patients had severe right ventricular failure, and one developed oliguric acute renal failure requiring institution of renal replacement therapy. All patients were discharged from the hospital. Postoperative mechanical ventilation was less than 24 hours in 27 patients (90%). Postoperative pain control was satisfactory in all patients. The median (interquartile) length of ICU was 1 day (1-4). The median (interquartile) length of hospital stay was 7 days (5-8). To avoid hypotension and inadequate coronary perfusion, the induction of TEA was performed in the operating room, after general anesthesia induction, with the first bolus administered to get the epidural peak effect at the time of skin incision. Epidural hematoma remains the most feared complication of the neuraxial procedures, especially in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In the present study, the recommendations of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine [3] were strictly followed. Pain control was excellent after surgery. In conclusion, TEA can provide a reliable postoperative analgesia, good hemodynamic stability and low rate of intraoperative and postoperative cardiovascular complications in elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery for primary MR. Further prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm a "therapeutic role" of TEA in this setting.
 References | |  |
| 1. | Monaco F, Landoni G, Biselli C, De Luca M, Frau G, Bignami E, et al. Predictors of cardiac troponin release after mitral valve surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010;24:931-8. 
[PUBMED] [FULLTEXT] |
| 2. | Stenseth R, Bjella L, Berg EM, Christensen O, Levang OW, Gisvold SE. Thoracic epidural analgesia in aortocoronary bypass surgery. I: Haemodynamic effects. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1994;38:826-33.
[PUBMED] |
| 3. | Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Benzon H, Brown DL, Enneking FK, Heit JA, et al. Regional anesthesia in the anticoagulated patient: Defining the risks (the second ASRA Consensus Conference on Neuraxial Anesthesia and Anticoagulation). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2003;28:172-97.
[PUBMED] |
Correspondence Address:
Fabrizio Monaco
Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan
Italy
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/0971-9784.95085
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| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Benefits and Risks of Epidural Analgesia in Cardiac Surgery |
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| Yatin Mehta,Dheeraj Arora | | Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2014; 28(4): 1057 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia Improves Early Outcome in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery for Mitral Regurgitation: A Propensity-Matched Study |
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| Fabrizio Monaco,Camilla Biselli,Giovanni Landoni,Monica De Luca,Rosalba Lembo,Remo Daniel Covello,Alberto Zangrillo | | Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2013; 27(3): 445 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Thoracic epidural anesthesia improves early outcome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for mitral regurgitation: A propensity-matched study |
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| Monaco, F. and Biselli, C. and Landoni, G. and De Luca, M. and Lembo, R. and Covello, R.D. and Zangrillo, A. | | Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2013; 27(3): 445-450 | | [Pubmed] | |
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